On the normality and abnormality of offsets obligations

Defence offsets have often been described as government‐to‐business compensation arrangements or contracts involving “reciprocity beyond that associated with normal market exchange”. This paper argues that it is irrelevant and misleading to use this notion as a criterion for defining offsets.

The paper also explores the apparent inconsistency between the maximising efficiency in defence procurement and the application of offsets requirements. It is shown that defence offsets are a subset of all the price‐quality‐quantity trade‐offs which in general characterise negotiations surrounding complex transactions.

It is argued that although reciprocal or offsetting arrangements are a normal aspect of commercial transacting, the operation of certain offsets schemes namely mandatory offsets obligations, may inhibit the buyer's flexibility in negotiating deals and result in inefficient procurement. This leads us to ask why these offsets schemes have persisted for so long.     

基于灰色关联分析的反导导弹战斗部作战效能评估

针对反导导弹战斗部的性能特点,以灰色关联理论为基础,采用灰色加权关联度分析进行综合评判,建立了反导导弹战斗部作战效能评估模型．最后通过算例,验证了该模型的完整性,最终为决策者做出合理的作战决策提供了理论参考．     

基于体系结构方法的机群对海作战活动分析

机群综合电子信息系统在高技术局部战争环境中可以为机群协同作战提供信息能力与优势,对机群作战活动的分析是设计其体系结构的基础,因此对机群在作战中的活动进行分析有重要意义。针对海军航空兵机群的对海作战,利用体系结构设计工具,在DoD AF V1.0框架下分析了机群对海作战活动,并在此基础上开发了相关作战视图。     

Market entry strategy in the presence of market spillovers and efficiency differentiation

Firms form various alliances or use brand extensions to enter new markets in order to improve their operational efficiency and create a positive spillover. However, they do not always know the implications of these strategies for market entry and multimarket competition because the sale of products in one market can have negative spillover effects on product sales in other markets. We present an analytical framework to examine whether and how (i.e., by choosing alliance entry or independent entry) competing firms should enter a market in a situation where market spillovers occur when a firm enters a spillover-producing market to sell products that may increase or decrease the consumers' willingness to pay for products in the primary market. Our analysis shows that the operational efficiency (or quality differentiation ability) of firms in a spillover-producing market varies, and hence, the impact of market spillovers differs for firms. We identify the key factors, such as bargaining power, brand value difference in the primary market, and the extent of efficiencies and spillovers, that determine the firms benefitting from the different entry strategies. Specifically, we show that firms would be more willing to choose an alliance strategy to enter a spillover-producing market if the negative spillover is small and alliance efficiency is high. In contrast, if an alliance entry is not favored, the firms' relative operational efficiency is crucial for them to decide whether to enter the market independently under moderate spillover conditions. Finally, we show the implications of market entry strategies for managers.     

二值化联合变换相关器识别复杂背景目标时的阈值选取

讨论了利用二值化联合变换相关器对复杂背景目标进行相关识别的阈值选取问题。由于不同阈值对二值化联合变换相关器识别结果有很大的影响,阈值过高,会损失过多的联合变换功率谱中的有效成份,使相关峰减弱;阈值过低,会使联合功率谱中的噪声放大,相关峰可能被淹没在噪声之中。因而存在一个最佳阈值。实验表明,最佳阈值位于联合功率谱最大灰度值的40%～50%之间,在此阈值范围内,相关峰值较高,噪声也得到有效抑制。     

利用FFT算法模拟联合变换相关器

由于联合变换相关器结构灵活,易于实现相关运算,目前在诸多领域得到了广泛的应用。实际应用中,联合变换相关器的光学系统带来的噪声会对识别效果产生较大的影响。采用快速傅里叶变换算法,由计算机模拟光学联合变换相关器可消除光学系统带来的噪声,达到理想的识别效果。通过实验验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于多目标模糊决策模型的联合作战方案优选

为选择作战方案中的最优方案,对所有的方案进行了排序,依据定性准则和定量的数学模型,利用多目标模糊决策分析方法,对联合作战方案的相关因素进行了分析,综合评价出各方案的优劣程度,最后得到了较为合理的作战方案先后顺序.     

C4ISR系统开发的仿真模型描述研究

C4ISR(Command、Control、Communication、Computer、Intelligence、Surveillance and Reconnaissance)系统开发的仿真模型涉及多个应用领域,具有多粒度、阶段相关性等的特性.本文提出了C4ISR系统开发的仿真模型体系,给出了仿真模型的规范化描述....     

基于物元模型-AHP的联合电子防空作战效能评估

针对现代防空作战训练中联合电子防空作战效能评估的问题,引入物元模型,并结合层次分析法(AHP)提出了基于物元模型-AHP的联合电子防空作战效能评估方法.以某次复杂电磁环境下联合电子防空演习任务为背景,建立了作战效能评估指标体系和评估模型,给出了评估模型的仿真算例,结果表明,该方法在联合电子防空作战的效能评估中是可行和有...     

地空反辐射导弹武器系统作战效能影响评估模型

地空反辐射导弹武器系统融入战术防空体系对防空作战效能的影响如何定量评估是作战运用研究的重要问题。采用阶段概率分析法建立了打击空袭方预警机、电子干扰机对防空作战效能和我方航空兵突击作战效能影响评估模型,通过计算可得出定量数据供作战研究参考。实例计算结果表明地空反辐射导弹武器系统将能极大地提高防空导弹体系作战效能,对于获取防对抗中的信息优势将发挥举足轻重的作用,对地面防空由被动防御向攻防兼备转型将其有重大意义。